在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的两个铭文和布雷加尔尼察山谷的石头上有格拉哥利亚字母吗?

S. Mikheev
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摘要

本文研究了来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的两个铭文(来自利夫诺和Ljubuški附近)和一组来自北马其顿东部布雷加尔尼察河流域的涂鸦。以前的学者认为,所有这些铭文都包含格拉哥利语字母。论文的第一部分提供了语法分析和一个新的翻译铭文在一个名叫特鲁霍德拉牧师的坟墓。这座坟墓于2003年在利夫诺附近出土,位于斯普利特东北50公里处。在第二部分中,作者研究了在莫斯塔尔西南30公里Ljubuški附近的Humac碑上的捐助者铭文的图形,并提出了对文本的修订阅读。第三部分提供了对来自Štip东北部Bregalnica河流域的石头上的神秘符号的解释。作者得出的结论是,没有一个经检查的铭文来源包含格拉哥利亚字母。这两个来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的铭文都是西里尔文,其中一些字母是镜像书写的。在这两幅涂鸦中,字母“есть”被旋转了180度,在Humac平板上的铭文末尾,有一面镜子“вѣдѣ”和一面镜子“нашь”。大量的镜像字母可能源于Humac铭文本身的独特形状:它的分层线围绕着石板的四面,形成了类似方形螺旋的东西。至于布雷加尔尼察河流域的石头上所谓的“格拉哥利”标志,更仔细的研究表明,它们是tamgas,很可能是由突厥文化传统的承载者保加利亚人雕刻的。
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Are there any Glagolitic letters in two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina and on stones from Bregalnica valley?
Two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the vicinities of Livno and Ljubuški) and a group of graffiti from the Bregalnica river basin in the eastern part of North Macedonia are examined in this paper. It has been suggested by previous scholars that all of these inscriptions contain Glagolitic letters. The first part of the paper offers grammatical analysis and a new translation of the inscription on the tomb of a priest named Těhodrag. The tomb was unearthed in 2003 around Livno, 50 km northeast of Split. In the second section the author examines the graphics of the donor inscription on the Humac tablet from the vicinity of Ljubuški, 30 km southwest of Mostar, and proposes a revised reading of the text. The third part offers an interpretation of enigmatic signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, northeast of Štip. The author comes to the conclusion that none of the examined epigraphic sources contain Glagolitic letters. Both inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina are in Cyrillic with some letters written in mirror image. The letter «есть» is turned 180 degrees in both graffiti, and there is one mirror «вѣдѣ» and two mirror «нашь» at the end of the inscription on the Humac tablet. The abundance of mirror-image letters probably stems from the unique shape of the Humac inscription itself: its tiered lines go around the fours sides of the tablet, forming something like a squared spiral. As for the supposedly «Glagolitic» signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, closer study reveals that they are tamgas, most likely carved by bearers of the Turkic cultural tradition, the Bulgars.
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