Primary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Current State

The problem of primary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is currently extremely important throughout the world for various specialists, especially in general surgery, orthopedics, intensive care and therapy. Among all preventive measures, special attention should be paid to anticoagulation in acute phase of disease at the in-hospital stage and early after discharge. This review is devoted to dosage, regimen and duration of anticoagulation depending on the risk of VTEC, efficacy and safety of parenteral and oral anticoagulants. Criteria for anticoagulation dose increment or prolongation of therapy to the outpatient stage are also proposed: high and extremely high level of D-dimer with additional risk factors of VTEC, obesity, reduced motor activity in postoperative period, previous VTEC, additional Caprini scores due to a widespread new coronavirus infection. Conclusions about the need to revise the guidelines on primary prevention of VTEC are made.