斯里兰卡当前有机农业政策和未来需求展望

S. Malkanthi
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引用次数: 2

摘要

许多国家正在制定旨在实现可持续农业发展的有机农业或有机农业政策。因此,本研究的目的是:了解斯里兰卡有机农业政策的现状,以及其他成功开展有机农业的国家;识别有机农业领域的问题;并建议未来在斯里兰卡实施的潜在政策措施。研究分两个阶段进行。在第一阶段,进行了全面的文献综述,以研究其他国家和斯里兰卡目前可用的合适政策。第二阶段,在2019年12月至2020年5月期间,采用预试问卷进行了两次实地调查,收集农民和推广人员对有机农业政策建议的相关信息。根据文献综述的发现,一些国家的有机系统与国家战略计划和愿景的结合程度更高。这些国家的政府更多地参与到新的倡议中,并通过可靠和可行的政策鼓励农民走向有机。虽然斯里兰卡发展有机农业的潜力很大,但目前还处于起步阶段。虽然斯里兰卡的大多数有机产品都销往出口市场,但也有一小部分保存在当地市场。出口和国内市场对有机产品的需求正在增加。尽管有7家国际食品认证机构作为外部检验和认证机构在该国开展业务,但国内市场上的产品获得认可的认证数量有限。农民的调查结果显示,即使农民有相当的知识水平,但由于存在的几个问题,很少有人实践有机农业。此外,推广人员还发现了农民面临的与有机农业相关的类似问题。与该国有机农业相关的优势、劣势、机会和威胁评估(SWOT)有助于确定政策制定者在平衡有机产品供需方面面临的关键问题。此外,在发展有机农业方面,政府和私人参与者之间的有效联系和协调至关重要。因此,在这种情况下,斯里兰卡需要将战略重点放在对有机农业的政策支持上。目前的有机农业计划需要修订,以制定涵盖生产、处理、加工、认证、标签和营销等各个领域的政策,以公平的方式将有机农业的利益带给农民、营销商和消费者。
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Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka
Many countries are formulating organic agriculture or organic farming policies aimed at sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand the present situation of organic agriculture policies in Sri Lanka and also in other countries where successful organic agriculture is operating; identify problems in the organic agriculture sector; and suggest potential policy measures to be implemented in Sri Lanka in future. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a thorough literature review was conducted to study the suitable policies available in other countries and also in Sri Lanka at present. In the second stage, two field surveys were carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, from December 2019 to May 2020, in order to gather farmers’ and extension officers’ information related to organic farming policy suggestions. According to the findings of the literature review, organic systems in some countries are more integrated with national strategic plans and visions. Those governments are more involved in new initiatives and farmers are encouraged to go organic through reliable and feasible policies. Although Sri Lanka has a high potential for organic agriculture, at present it is at an initial stage. While most organic products in Sri Lanka go to the export market, a small portion is kept at local markets. Demand for organic products in export as well as domestic markets is increasing. Even though there are seven international food certification agencies operating in the country as external inspection and certification bodies, a limited number of accredited certifications exist for products on the domestic market. Results of the farmers’ survey showed that even if farmers have a significant level of knowledge, few of them practice organic farming due to several existing problems. Moreover, extension officers have also identified similar types of problems that are faced by the farmers related to organic farming. Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) related to organic agriculture in the country helped to identify key problems facing policy-makers when balancing the supply and demand sides of organic products. Also, in developing organic agriculture, an effective linkage and coordination among government and private participants is crucial. Therefore, in Sri Lanka in this context, strategic focus on policy support for organic agriculture is needed. Current organic farming programs need to be revised in order to formulate policies covering all areas related to production, handling, processing, certification, labeling and marketing, in order to bring the benefits of organic agriculture to farmers, marketers and consumers in a fair manner.
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