On This Side of the Law and On That Side of the Law

Value pluralism is the idea that legitimate human values and goals are many, often incompatible, and not reducible to any single overarching principle or Good. Value pluralism is probably the central idea—you could say the single overarching idea—in the work of Sir Isaiah Berlin, the English philosopher and historian of ideas. Berlin’s theme is that individuals, and societies as well, have ideals and aspirations that conflict, and that therefore cannot all be fully realised. Thus a society cannot have perfect equality and perfect liberty because some people will exercise freedom to differentiate themselves, and hence to make themselves unequal to their fellow citizens. Equality or freedom may be at odds with other values as well, such as tradition, or the desire for