汤姆·潘恩的《宪法》

IF 2.4 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Virginia Law Review Pub Date : 2003-10-01 DOI:10.2307/3202395
R. West
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在《常识》(Common Sense)一书中,我们对美国革命的简要介绍,小册子作者汤姆·潘恩(Tom Paine)有一句名言:“在美国,法律为王。”潘恩宣布废黜国王的“法律”究竟是什么?这句话,不仅是我们革命的倡导者,也是世界各地人权的倡导者所写的,是否预示着我们现代以权利为基础的宪政实践?这种解读——在美国,宪法为王——也可能使潘恩成为司法审查的早期朋友,因为他无疑也是美国宪法主义的朋友,无论是联邦还是州。因此,潘恩的宣言可以被解读为预见了我们现代以法院为中心的宪法意识的展开。本文认为,这是对潘恩哲学的一种有吸引力但站不住脚的解读,并提供证据表明,潘恩的宪法和法律概念本身与主流理解存在重大分歧。文章接着提出,如果马歇尔大法官在马布里和麦卡洛克案中执行潘恩的宪法概念,现代宪法实践可能会有什么不同,文章最后对我们偏离潘恩的宪法愿景所失去的东西进行了一些思考。
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Tom Paine's Constitution
In Common Sense, our brief for the American Revolution, the pamphleteer Tom Paine famously declared that "in America the law is king." What, precisely, is the "law" that Paine declared to have dethroned the king? Does the phrase, penned by the advocate not only of our revolution but also of the rights of man everywhere, presage our modern practice of rights-based constitutionalism? This reading – in America, constitutional law is king – might also make Paine an early friend of judicial review, as he was unquestionably also a friend of United States constitutionalism, both federal and state. Paine’s manifesto can thus be read as having foreseen the unfolding of our modern court-centered constitutional consciousness. This Article argues that this is an attractive but untenable reading of Paine’s philosophy and offers evidence that Paine’s conception of the Constitution and law itself diverge crucially from dominant understandings. The Article then asks how modern constitutional practices might be different if Justice Marshall had enforced Paine’s conception of the Constitution in Marbury and McCulloch, and concludes with some thoughts on what we have lost by turning away from Paine’s constitutional vision.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
3.80%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The Virginia Law Review is a journal of general legal scholarship published by the students of the University of Virginia School of Law. The continuing objective of the Virginia Law Review is to publish a professional periodical devoted to legal and law-related issues that can be of use to judges, practitioners, teachers, legislators, students, and others interested in the law. First formally organized on April 23, 1913, the Virginia Law Review today remains one of the most respected and influential student legal periodicals in the country.
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