A Triad Study in South Indian Population of Telangana: On the Association of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in the Aetiology of Spontaneous Abortions

Background: Spontaneous abortion is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 week of gestation. About 50% of the cases are remained with unexplained etiology. Potential immune cell differentiation and cytokine profile is detrimental for fetal-maternal communication and maternal recognition of pregnancy. An imbalance in the immune modulatory profile results in consecutive loss of pregnancies. In view of the above, the present study is taken up to understand the role of immunemodulators and their gene polymorphism in the etiology of spontaneous abortion. Methods: In the present case-control triad study genotyping for IFN γ+874 T/A, IL6-137 G/C, IL18174G/C polymorphisms were done by Amplified Refractory Mutation System polymerase chain reaction method (ARMS-PCR) and statistically analyzed. Result: A retrospective analysis for association of gene polymorphisms in the present study showed that Obstet Gynecol Res 2021; 4 (4): 220-232 DOI: 10.26502/ogr071 Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Vol. 4 No. 4– December 2021. 221 maternal and fetal TT genotype of IFN γ+874 polymorphism showed a twofold increased risk (OR 2.22, 95%CI= 1.29-3.84, p=0.004) whereas in IL 18 174G/C gene polymorphism and their association study, the case mother subjects that represented CC genotypes contributed a onefold increased risk towards the development of spontaneous abortion. (OR -2.17, 95%CI1.250-3.788, p=0.005) Conclusion: The proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene polymorphisms may contribute towards the susceptibility for spontaneous abortion.