History of study of the grammatical category of the voice in the Udmurt linguistics

Introduction: the article is devoted to the study of the concepts of voice’s issues in Udmurt linguistics. The author traces the history and development of the voice forms of verbal units. Objective: to systematize and summarize the historical process of formation and universalization of scientific research in the field of study of the category of the voice of the Udmurt language. Research materials: the empirical basis of the study was the variety of approaches to the study of the voice category in the scientific research of linguists of different eras. Results and novelty of the research: based on the peculiarities of the development of methodological principles and attitudes in the study of the voice forms of the Udmurt verb, it is proposed to distinguish three stages of the study: a) the first stage (from the second half of the XVIII century to 1851) is characterized by the definition of terminology for the voice forms and their grammatical expression. The second stage (from 1851 to 1957) is characterized by a closer attention to the semantic aspect of language phenomena and to the development of terminology in the Udmurt language. A deep scientific understanding of the voice forms of the Udmurt verb began at the third stage (from 1957 to the present). During this period the structural-semantic principle dominates in the study of the considered grammatical category, providing for equal attention to the structure and semantics of a verbal unit. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the first experience of description of history and current state of the study of the question of voice in Udmurt linguistics, which opens up new prospects for the study of subject-object relations in the speech activity of a native speaker