乌克兰种猪养殖创新发展的经济原则

M. Ibatullin, B. Khakhula
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摘要

本文论述了乌克兰种猪养殖创新发展形成的经济原理。确定了种猪场的种猪群是按照自我修复的原则进行的,种猪采用“封闭”种群的方法,育种者——主要是自己繁殖的修复猪,直接在养殖场获得和饲养。从其他农场购买修复公猪来补充畜群,当祖先的畜群组织起来时,它们直接在协会中饲养。在养猪场和繁殖场的商品群中,最好从繁殖场进行修复公猪和猪,如果有明确的初级动物技术记录,可以直接在企业内进行修复猪以替代丢失的皇后。由于非洲猪瘟在世界范围内的蔓延,种猪的进口有限,种猪场的主要任务是培育和销售优质的幼猪。然而,近年来,国内育种企业获得和饲养的修复公猪和猪在市场上往往供不应求。根据分析结果,在国家科技计划的有计划控制下,除了少量高价值的良种公猪幼种或精种来补充一些畜群的血液外,已建立的国内育种基地不需要非系统的大量进口。工业化养猪的现状主要要求利用现代计算机技术解决养殖管理和养殖工作的自动化问题。如果商业猪肉生产使用杂交系统,这一问题的解决方案尤为重要,这需要在处理大量动物时对种猪群进行明确的组织。与此同时,如果没有现代化的国家支持种猪场的工具,保存和有效利用国内最好的遗传资源和世界猪品种基因库,改善生产活动,加强与大型产业联合体的整合,就无法确保养殖企业的稳定和进一步有效发展。关键词:种猪养殖,农业企业,国家扶持,商品猪养殖,创新
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Economic principles of innovative development of breeding pig breeding in Ukraine
The article is devoted to the economic principles of formation of innovative development of breeding pig breeding in Ukraine. It is established that the breeding herd of breeding plants is carried out on the principle of self-repair, breeding pigs by the method of "closed" population, breeding breeders - mainly repair pigs of own reproduction, obtained and raised directly on the farm. Repair boars to replenish the herd are purchased from other farms, and when the ancestral herd is organized, they are raised directly in the association. In commodity herds of pig farms and breeding complexes it is desirable to carry out repair boars and pigs from breeding farms, and if necessary with a clear primary zootechnical record breeding repair pigs to replace lost queens can be carried out directly in the enterprise. Given the limited import of breeding pigs due to the spread of ASF in the world, the main task of breeding farms is the cultivation and sale of high quality young stock. However, in recent years, repair boars and pigs obtained and raised in domestic breeding enterprises are often not in demand in the market. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the established domestic breeding base does not require unsystematic mass imports except for a small number of high-value breeding young or sperm odes of prominent breeding boars to refresh the blood of some herds under the methodical control provided by the state scientific and technical programs. The current situation in industrial pig breeding primarily requires solving the problems of automation of management of breeding and breeding work with the use of modern computer technology. The solution of this problem is especially important if the production of commercial pork uses hybridization systems, which requires a clear organization of the breeding herd when working with large populations of animals. At the same time, stabilization and further effective development of breeding enterprises cannot be ensured without modernization of instruments of state support of breeding farms, preservation and efficient use of the best domestic genetic resources and world gene pool of pig breeds, improvement of production activities and strengthening of integration with large industrial complexes. Key words: breeding pig breeding, agricultural enterprise, state support, commercial pig breeding, innovation.
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