蔬菜产品市场功能的理论方面及其特点

V. Borshchyk
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It is highlighted that intra-branch, perfect (pure) and monopolistic competition is characteristic of the specialized vegetable market. The features of the production process of growing, processing, and storing vegetable products are highlighted, which affect the specifics of the functioning of the vegetable market. The biological and economic characteristics of the classification of vegetable crops were systematized and their main groups were identified, on the basis of which the elements of the vegetable market infrastructure were characterized, namely system-forming, providing, functional and controlling. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了戒严条件下蔬菜产品市场运作的理论原理,并强调了戒严条件下蔬菜产品市场运作的特点。论述了蔬菜市场在确保粮食安全、为小型农业生产者创造收入等方面的重要作用。一般来说,市场被认为是真实的和潜在的买家的利益和行为的集合,以及交易进行的条件。农业市场具有相当复杂的结构,是为农业生产各方面服务的市场的集合,是一个动态的经济关系系统。事实证明,新鲜蔬菜市场由众多具有完全竞争特征的子市场组成。强调专业化蔬菜市场具有分支内竞争、完全(纯粹)竞争和垄断竞争的特点。蔬菜产品的种植、加工、储存等生产过程的特点突出,影响着蔬菜市场运行的具体情况。对蔬菜作物分类的生物学和经济特性进行了系统梳理,确定了蔬菜作物的主要类群,并在此基础上对蔬菜市场基础设施的系统形成、提供、功能和控制要素进行了表征。总结了蔬菜市场的特点,即:需求弹性低;生产成本高;蔬菜品种多样化,满足消费者需求的地域性;农村人口月平均消费水平提高;商品生产者是私营农民农场和小型农业企业,戒严条件下商品供应量减少;供应高度依赖天气条件的变化;产品季节性需求;市场基础设施建设水平低;蔬菜潜在消费者高度集中于城市;中介机构对价格水平的影响;市场主体意识淡薄。事实证明,蔬菜产品市场主体之间的经济关系是在经济主体在蔬菜的生产、分配、交换和消费过程中相互作用的基础上形成的,以取得较高的最终结果为目标,通过它们之间特定的生产、经济和组织联系表现出来。笔者对蔬菜产品市场的定义是:按照合理的营养标准和消费者需求,追求充分满足人口对高质量蔬菜产品需求,并开展主要业务流程的一组农业企业、罐头工业和市场基础设施对象。关键词:蔬菜产品市场,需求,供给,市场基础设施,市场结构,产品流量
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Theoretical aspects of the market functioning of vegetable products and its features
The article examines the theoretical principles of the market functioning of vegetable products and highlights its features in the conditions of martial law. The important role of the vegetable market in ensuring food security, generating income for small agricultural producers, etc. is argued. In general, the market is considered as a set of interests and actions of real and potential buyers, as well as the conditions under which the exchange is carried out. It is substantiated that the agricultural market has a rather complex structure and represents a set of markets that serve all aspects of agricultural production, is a dynamic system of economic relations. It has been proven that the market of fresh vegetables consists of numerous submarkets characterized by perfect competition. It is highlighted that intra-branch, perfect (pure) and monopolistic competition is characteristic of the specialized vegetable market. The features of the production process of growing, processing, and storing vegetable products are highlighted, which affect the specifics of the functioning of the vegetable market. The biological and economic characteristics of the classification of vegetable crops were systematized and their main groups were identified, on the basis of which the elements of the vegetable market infrastructure were characterized, namely system-forming, providing, functional and controlling. The peculiarities of the vegetable market are summarized, namely: low elasticity of demand; high production costs; wide differentiation of the range of vegetables, local nature of satisfaction of consumer demand; a higher level of average monthly consumption by the rural population; commodity producers are private peasant farms and small agricultural enterprises, reduction of forecast volumes of commodity supply in the conditions of martial law; high dependence of supply on changes in weather conditions; seasonal demand for products; low level of market infrastructure development; high concentration of potential consumers of vegetables in cities; influence of intermediaries on the price level; weak awareness of market subjects. It is substantiated that the economic relations between the subjects of the market of vegetable products are formed on the basis of the interaction of economic subjects in the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of vegetables, which is aimed at achieving high final results and is manifested through specific production, economic and organizational ties between them. The author's definition of the market of vegetable products is a set of agricultural enterprises, canning industry and market infrastructure objects that carry out the main business processes and pursue the full satisfaction of the population's needs for high-quality vegetable products in accordance with rational nutrition standards and consumer demand. Key words: market of vegetable products, demand, supply, market infrastructure, market structure, product traffic.
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