HISTORICAL, ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES FEATURES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF EKATERINBURG (LATE 19TH — EARLY 21ST CENTURY)

The article analyzes the demographic dynamics of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk based on the population censuses. As an additional source for the 1959 census, not only official results were used, but also a database compiled on the basis of census forms preserved in the archive. Changes in the sex and age structure of the population, as well as in the national composition, were studied. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of the features of family-marital behavior and related processes: nuptiality, fertility, and divorcement. Based on the analysis of time series, the main stages of the demographic transition were clarified, and their specificity was characterized. A feature of the demographic transition of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk was an extended initial stage, which took a total of about 100 years; the rapid turning point of the second stage (1940–1950s), associated with the establishing of the model of simple reproduction; and a long third stage (1960–2010s), when the main trend associated with the aging of the population is smoothed out due to the influx of migrants from labor-surplus regions. The role of external migration in maintaining the high growth rates of the city’s population should be emphasized. Among the factors that determined the demographic processes, we also considered the administrative resource, which contributed to the development of the city’s economy and formed a demand for population growth.