Inflammatory bowel disease in pediatrics

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This is a chronic inflammation involving gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD is increasing recently. Approximately, 25% of all IBD cases develope during childhood. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors play important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Mild form of IBD is more common in children with symptoms ranging from weight loss, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis is established based on history, physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging, endoscopy and colonoscopy, and ultimately, histopathology examination. Management includes utilization of aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologic agents. Nutritional support, psychosocial approach and surgical approach are other therapeutic options. The complications may occur such as micronutrient deficiency, growth failure, increased risk of malignancies, and psychiatric disorders. Routine monitoring of disease progress and growth achievement is mandatory in the management of IBD.