提高流感疫苗接种率——简单的任务还是多方面的挑战?

Ljiljana Trtica-Majnaric
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引用次数: 0

摘要

每年接种三价灭活疫苗已被证明在预防流感及其并发症方面是安全有效的。特别建议老年人(65岁)和其他流感并发症和死亡风险高的人,如患有慢性疾病的患者。卫生保健工作者也被强烈建议定期接种疫苗,因为他们被认为会将感染传播给患者,或者在与患者接触时相互感染。为了提高欧洲各国的流感疫苗接种率,卫生当局制定了到2010年疫苗接种覆盖率的目标。尽管做了大量的努力,覆盖率仍然很低。人们认为,根据现有证据作出的知情决定可能会解决提高疫苗接种率的问题。本文的目的是解决与流感疫苗接种有关的一些重要问题,为了能够帮助证据,需要进一步澄清。为了支持这一争论,作者从自己的实践经验中提出了一些可疑的事实。作为改进疫苗接种实践战略的长期解决办法,建议加强规划疫苗接种。这一概念将包括实施全国疫苗接种协议,并通过共同后勤协调这些协议,以及基于安装电子卫生记录的标准化数据收集。这一策略将允许在不同人群之间进行数据比较。根据这一辩论,提高流感疫苗接种率不太可能是一项简单易行的任务,而是一项多方面的长期挑战。
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Improving Influenza Vaccination Rates— A Straightforward Task or a Multifaceted Challenge?
Annual vaccination with trivalent inactivated vaccines has been proven as safe and efficacious in preventing influenza and its complications. It is recommended especially to the elderly (>65) and other people at high risk for influenza complications and death such as patients with chronic medical conditions. Healthcare workers, who are considered to transmit infection to patients, or reciprocally, can be infected during encounters with patients, are also strongly advised to regularly receive vaccines. In order to improve influenza vaccination rates in countries in Europe, health authorities set targets for vaccination coverage by 2010. Despite the substantial efforts done, coverage rates maintain low. It is considered that informed decisions, based on existing evidence, are likely to cope with improving vaccination rates. Intention of this manuscript is to address some important issues connected with influenza vaccination which, to be able to aid the evidence, need to be further clearified. To support the debate, the author presented some dubious facts from the own practice experiences. As a long-lasting solution to improve vaccination practice strategies, strengthening programed vaccination is suggested. This concept would include implementation of nationwide vaccination protocols and their harmonization by the common logistics, and standardized data collection based on installation of E-health records. This strategy would allow data comparison among different populations. As based on this debate, improving influenza vaccination rates is not likely to be easy to perform straightforward task, but a multifaceted, long term challenge.
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