18世纪收藏中的权力与知识

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.5840/jems20231215
Anita Guerrini
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引用次数: 0

摘要

《知识的发酵》和Geoffrey Cantor的文章评论都将“18世纪的问题”定义为缺乏整体视野。40年过去了,问题已经转移到政治左派和右派对18世纪科学的挪用上。当历史学家努力研究奴隶制和殖民主义的遗留问题时,一个新兴的主题是物质文化及其“纠缠”。这篇文章的主题,收藏和收集,是这个新的史学的中心。收藏品包括古物、自然史、解剖学和人种学物品。我的重点是人类骨骼收藏。研究骨骼收藏的历史学家主要关注18世纪后期,以及种族和地质时代概念的发展。但它们的意义要广泛得多。收藏涉及文化和流派的纠缠。这些收藏可以是医学的、地质的、美学的、分类学的,也可以是全部的,也可以不是。对人类骨骼、骨骼和头骨收藏的个案研究揭示了一个不同于1980年历史学家所设想的18世纪,并将价值和价值问题置于我们阅读历史的中心。
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Power and Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Collecting
Both The Ferment of Knowledge and Geoffrey Cantor’s essay review defined the “eighteenth-century problem” in terms of the lack of a totalizing vision. Forty years on, the problem has shifted to the appropriation of eighteenth-century science by both the political left and the right. As historians grapple with the legacies of slavery and colonialism, an emerging theme is material culture and its “entanglements.” The subject of this essay, collections and collecting, is central to this new historiography. Collections included antiq­uities, natural history, anatomy, and ethnographic objects. My focus will be on human skeletal collections. Historians who have considered skeletal collec­tions have focused mainly on the later eighteenth century and on developing concepts of race and geological time. But their significance is much broader. Collecting entailed entanglements both of cultures and of genres. Such collections could be medical, geological, aesthetic, taxonomic, or all or none of these. Case studies of collections of human bones, skeletons, and skulls reveal a different eighteenth century from that which the historians of 1980 envisaged, and bring questions of value and values to the centre of our reading of history.
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来源期刊
Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania
Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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