智利农村创新创业

IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.7764/ijanr.v48i3.2324
Félix Modrego, William Foster
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引用次数: 6

摘要

设法促进农村企业家精神的成功政策需要一种符合农村空间特点的概念模式,并且不需要将企业家精神定型为只在技术上复杂。本文的目的是,首先,论证农村地区可以成为智利等中等收入国家创业活动的沃土,其次,讨论政策选择,以实现鼓励农村地区更具创新性的创业精神的目标。综述了有关企业家精神的科学文献以及企业家精神在发展中的定义、类型和作用。本文总结了关于创业地点的文献,以了解观察到的创业活动地域差异的驱动因素。一个结论是,尽管最近出现了以便利设施为主导的增长趋势,但农村地区面临着(看似)不利于创业的经济地理环境。然后,我们介绍了智利农村创业的地理分布。与传统观点相反,智利农村地区的创业率很高,尽管在当前条件下可能增长潜力有限。然而,这个创业基础提供了一个知识储备,可以从中获得更大的复杂性,我们讨论了刺激更多创新农村创业的潜在政策方法。就智利而言,现有的政策选择与最近颁布的国家农村发展政策是一致的。一种系统的、以便利设施为基础的方法使中等收入国家有机会通过提供当地公共产品和改善生活条件的地方政策发展更具创新性的农村创业精神。
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Innovative Rural Entrepreneurship in Chile
Successful policies seeking to promote rural entrepreneurship require a conceptual model consistent with the features of rural spaces and free of stereotypes of entrepreneurship as being only technologically sophisticated. The objective of this essay is, first, to argue that rural areas can be fertile ground for entrepreneurial activities in middle-income countries such as Chile and, second, to discuss policy options to achieve the goal of encouraging a more innovative entrepreneurship in rural areas. The scientific literature on entrepreneurship and the definitions, types and roles of entrepreneurship in development are reviewed. The literature on the location of entrepreneurship is summarized to understand the drivers of observed territorial differences in entrepreneurial activity. One conclusion is that rural areas face a (seemingly) adverse economic geography for entrepreneurship, although there is a recent tendency for amenities-led growth. We then present the geography of rural entrepreneurship in Chile. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the rates of entrepreneurship in Chilean rural areas are high, although presumably of a limited growth potential under current conditions. Nevertheless, this entrepreneurial base provides a stock of knowledge from which a greater sophistication could be reached, and we discuss potential policy approaches to stimulate more innovative rural entrepreneurship. In the case of Chile, available policy options are coherent with the recently enacted National Rural Development Policy. A systemic, amenity-based approach gives middle-income countries opportunities for the development of more innovative rural entrepreneurship through territorial policies that provide local public goods and improve living conditions.
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