高效太阳能电池用碲化镉

I. I. Maronchuk, D. Sanikovich, E. Davydova, N. Tabachkova
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摘要

分析了制备高效太阳能电池所需的碲化镉粉体纯度和粒径分布的问题。合成了一批测试粉末,并用于薄膜太阳能电池样品的制造和研究,其参数符合世界最佳标准。用x射线衍射研究了粉末的相组成。用电子显微镜对其进行了结构分析和元素组成测量。描述了粉末中游离碲相对用该粉末制成的器件耐久性的影响。我们表明,由于碲化镉相晶体结构参数的变化,薄膜样品中过量的碲原子主要沿晶界定位,可能导致制造的太阳能电池电性能的时间退化,而碲化镉相的晶体结构参数的变化反过来又由材料的化学计量组成的变化引起。膜样的结构研究并没有揭示出在耐久性试验前后膜结构的差异。考虑到以前使用的工艺的优缺点,开发了一种新的碲化镉粉末工艺路线,并对其进行了验证和测试,并进行了实验,证实了所选技术方案的正确性。
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Cadmium telluride for high-efficiency solar cells
Problems of the synthesis of cadmium telluride powders having required purity and grain size distribution for high-efficiency solar cells have been analyzed. A test batch of powders has been synthesized and used for the manufacture and study of thin-film solar cell specimens exhibiting parameters compliant with the best worldwide standards. The phase composition of the powders has been studied using X-ray diffraction. Structural analysis and elemental composition measurements have been carried out using electron microscopy. The effect of free tellurium phase in the powders on the endurance of devices manufactured from the powder has been described. We show that excess tellurium in the film specimens whose atoms are predominantly localized along grain boundaries may cause temporal degradation of the electrical properties of the manufactured solar cells due to changes in the parameters of the crystalline structure of the cadmium telluride phase which are caused in turn by changes in the stoichiometric composition of the material. Structural studies of the film specimens have not revealed differences in the film structure before and after endurance tests. A new cadmium telluride powder process route has been developed, proven and tested taking into account the advantages and drawbacks of the previously used process and experiments confirming the correctness of the technical solutions chosen have been conducted.
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