MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE FORMATION OF BIOGEOCENOSES: ANALYTICAL REVIEW

This review examines the results of scientific experiments of foreign and domestic researchers in the field of studying mycorrhizal associations, the mechanisms of their symbiosis with plants. The information about the current state of the issue is given: different points of view on the interaction of mycorrhizal plants with mycobionts. A comparative analysis of the development of mycorrhiza in individual plant species was carried out. It was found that the maximum degree of mycorrhiza development corresponds to the beech and linden families. The factors influencing the development of balanced and exploitive mycorrhizal associations are considered. The evolutionary and functional characteristics of the types of mycorrhizae are given. The benefits of mycorrhizal associations are considered, both for tree species and for species of fungi involved in the formation of mycorrhizae. The role of symbionts in mycorrhiza is considered, as well as the form and degree of development of mycorrhiza for mycotrophic plants. An analytical review of the studies of foreign and domestic scientists allowed us to determine the preferred mycorrhizal communities for reforestation. It was noted that unfavorable, extreme environmental conditions in most cases intensified the growth and development of mycorrhizal communities. All these factors should be taken into account when selecting tree species and types of fungi in forestry during reforestation