Tensile Fractures and in situ Stress Measurement Data Constraints on Cretaceous–Present Tectonic Stress Field Evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone in Shandong Province, North China Craton

Tectonic stress fields are the key drivers of tectonic events and the evolution of regional structures. The tectonic stress field evolution of the Tanlu fault zone in Shandong Province, located in the east of the North China Craton (NCC), may have preserved records of the NCC's tectonic history. Borehole television survey and hydraulic fracturing were conducted to analyze the paleo and present tectonic stress fields. Three groups of tensile fractures were identified via borehole television, their azimuths being NNW–SSE, NW–SE and NE–SW, representing multiple stages of tectonic events. Hydraulic fracturing data indicates that the study region is experiencing NEE–SWW-oriented compression and nearly-N–S-oriented extension, in accordance with strike-slip and compression. Since the Cretaceous, the orientation of the extensional stress has evolved counterclockwise and sequentially from nearly-NW–SE-oriented to NE–SW-oriented and even nearly N–S-oriented, the stress state having transitioned from strike-slip-extension to strike-slip-compression, in association with the rotating and oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the NCC, with the participation of the Indian Plate.