New Progress Regarding the Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Live Delivery Vectors, Treatment of Diseases and Induction of Immune Responses in Different Host Species Focusing on Lactobacillus Species

Lactobacillus species are non-spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria and lactic acid producing bacteria (LAPB) that naturally inhabits the human and animal gastrointestinal and mouth organs. The aim of this review was to evaluate the new progress regarding the use of Lactobacillus species as live delivery vectors, prevention and treatment of pathogenic and metabolic diseases. Lactobacillus strains as probiotics have been extensively studied and have confirmed that they can absolutely improve performance as live delivery vectors, a treatment option of various diseases such as: hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry, Hypertension, avian flu, obesity, diabetes, Derzsy's disease or parvovirus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infections, irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal disorders, Fungal infections, vaginal eubiosis, fish and shellfish species diseases. We give you an idea about that Lactobacillus species have been proficient in preventing and treating both disorders in animal models and some used for clinical trials. We present the most current studies on the use of Lactobacillus strains that had an impact on an effective immune response to a specific antigen because a variety of antigens have been expressed. Therefore Lactobacillus strains can be considered as good candidates because of its potential for diseases treatment and vaccine development as heterologous protein secretion to date.