Hypopharyngeal reconstruction using prelaminated autologous bio-engineered pectoralis major flaps

After removal of metastatic malignant tumors of the hypopharynx and larynx, hypopharyngeal defects are formed. To restore the hypopharynx, a mucosa and a muscular component are needed.The objective of this study is to develop a hypopharyngeal reconstruction technique using prelaminated pectoralis major flap with mucosal epithelium analogue from autologous epithelial layers.Materials and methods. Nine patients underwent reconstruction of the hypopharynx using bioengineered prelaminated pectoralis major flaps. The mucosa was restored by tissue-engineered autologous epithelial cell layers that were obtained by culturing in vitro cells isolated from skin biopsies that were previously obtained from patients.Results. Oral nutrition was restored in all cases. Pharyngeal stenosis was detected in one (11%) patient. A stratified squamous epithelium on the pectoral fascia was revealed in 67% of cases at week 2 after prelamination, in 89% of cases at week 4 after reconstruction and in 100% of cases at month 3, 6, 12 and 24 after reconstruction.Conclusion. Reconstruction using prelaminated bioengineered flaps allows recreating the anatomical integrity and function of the hypopharynx.