埃塞俄比亚家禽中的新城疫及其不同的适用控制方案

Dereje Tulu
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在埃塞俄比亚,后院家禽生产是一种历史悠久的畜牧业做法。据估计,埃塞俄比亚的后院家禽数量约为5331万只。疾病的爆发,特别是新城疫病的爆发,制约了散养家禽的生产。新城疫是一种地方性的、高度连发的病毒性疾病,影响集约化和粗放化生产系统中的禽类。针对新城疫的疫苗接种已被确定为许多干预策略之一,旨在控制这些鸡群中的新城疫爆发。目前,埃塞俄比亚使用四种新城疫疫苗(HB1、Lasota、IOENDV和热稳定- 12疫苗)控制新城疫。在集约化家禽生产系统中,应用常规疫苗接种策略控制新城疫得到了有效的应用。然而,这些传统的预防新城疫暴发的疫苗接种策略并没有在后院家禽生产中得到充分优化。因此,以饲料饵料形式应用热稳定疫苗似乎是有效控制农村后院家禽新城疫的最合适方法。多种饲料已被测试为疫苗病毒的载体;有些已被证明是不合适的,而另一些则相对合适。在埃塞俄比亚的大多数商业家禽养殖场,适当应用疫苗和疫苗接种计划以及其他措施,如卫生,良好的营养,高水平的管理和避免并发感染,纽卡斯尔病爆发的发生很少被报道。
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Newcastle disease and its different applicable control options in poultry in Ethiopia
Backyard poultry production has been a long-established husbandry practice in Ethiopia. It is estimated that Ethiopia’s backyard poultry population is about 53.31 million. The productivity of backyard poultry is constrained by disease outbreak especially Newcastle disease. Newcastle disease is an endemic, highly contiguous, viral disease that affects birds in both intensive and extensive production system. Vaccination against Newcastle disease has been established as one of the many interventions’ strategies, geared towards the control of Newcastle disease outbreaks in these flock. Currently, in Ethiopia, four types of Newcastle disease vaccines (HB1, Lasota, IOENDV, and Thermo-stable–12 vaccine) are used for the control of Newcastle disease. The application of conventional vaccination strategy for the control of Newcastle disease has been effectively utilized in intensive poultry production system. However, these conventional vaccination strategies against Newcastle disease outbreaks have not been fully optimized in backyard poultry production. Consequently, the application of thermo-stable vaccine in the form of feed baits seems to be the most appropriate method for effective control of Newcastle disease in village backyard poultry. Many kinds of feed stuff have been tested as a carrier of the vaccine virus; some have been proved unsuitable, while others are relatively suitable. The proper application of vaccine and vaccination programs together with other measures like sanitation, good nutrition, high level of management in most of the commercial poultry farms in Ethiopia and avoiding of concurrent infections, the occurrence of Newcastle disease outbreaks is rarely reported.
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