IL-24 AND IL-29 IN T2DM WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS

: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease that spread worldwide. Uncontrolled T2DM cause many complications such as neurological diseases and lower limb amputations, in addition to other health problems. Insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is a characteristic of people with obesity and diabetes. In fact, T2DM is inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. About 1.4 million Iraqis suffer from diabetes. In this study, some clinical characteristics and parameters level sixty patients with T2DM (32 male and 28 female) and thirty as controls were quantified. There are no significant differences between patients and controls in both age and BMI. There are expected significant increase in FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients than healthy groups. There is a significant decline (p = 0.003) in serum IL-24 level in T2DM patients as compared with the controls. The low level of interleukin-24 in patients with T2DM has serious consequences. Despite the neuropathies in patients and the disease-causing nerve damage and non-healing of wounds, the decrease of this interleukin leads to may decrease in the patients’ immunity. The skin acts as a barrier against harmful microbes on several levels: colonization, pH, mechanical/physical and immunological IL-24 significant decrease (p < 0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes and those who suffer from diabetic foot (DF) ulcers in particular affects the healing of ulcers and poorly in wound healing. There is a significant decline (p = 0.03) in serum IL-29 level in T2DM patients as compared with controls. The decreased IL-29 levels in patients may be defect in immune system particularly patients with T2DM, where IL-29 is secreted from T-helper that affects keratinocytes and activated against viruses. In contrast, an IL-29 level decrease in patients with DF ulcers induce an inflammatory response.