耕作制度与施肥对2015-2017年大豆产量的影响

A. Șimon, F. Chețan, C. Chețan, Marius Bǎrdaş, V. Deac
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引用次数: 4

摘要

大豆是目前用于人类和动物营养的最重要的农作物之一,作为工业原料,但也具有重要的农业植物技术意义,因为大豆与日本根瘤菌之间的共生关系通过形成根瘤来固定大气中的氮,从而有助于提高土壤肥力。为了实现这一目标,在2015-2017年期间,在ARDS Turda进行了多因素体验,其因素包括:因素a -耕作系统(a1是通过犁沟进行耕作的经典耕作系统,a2是最小耕作系统,凿子型;因子B-施肥(b1-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha,与播种同时施用,b2-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha,与播种同时施用+ N20P20K0 100 kg/ha,在4-6叶物候期施用,b3-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha与播种同时施用+ N30 100 kg/ha,在4-6叶物候期施用,b4-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha与播种同时施用+ N20 100 kg/ha,在4-6叶物候期施用,c1-2015年试验年c因子气候条件;c2 - 2016;c3 - 2017)。所研究的大豆品种为Malina TD。与常规耕作制度相比,实行最少耕作制度后,产量下降,差异显著,为86公斤/公顷。施肥对高产数量产量的影响非常显著,在施用补肥的三个变种中,与产量为2373公斤/公顷的对照变种相比,获得了199公斤/公顷以上的非常显著的产量增加。
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The Influence of the Tillage System and Fertilization on Soybean Yield at ARDS Turda, 2015-2017
Soybean is currently one of the most important agricultural crops being used in human and animal nutrition, as a raw material for industry but also has agro-phyto-technical importance because it contributes to the raising of soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen by symbiosis between soybeans and Rhizobium japonicum bacteria, which forms root-nodules. To achieve the aims, a poly-factorial experience has been placed during the period 2015-2017 at ARDS Turda, with the factors: Factor A - the tillage system (a1 the classical tillage system by plowing with the return of the furrow and a2 the minimum tillage system, chisel variant; factor B- the fertilization (b1-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha, applied simultaneously with sowing, b2-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha, applied simultaneously with the sowing + N20P20K0 100 kg/ha, applied in the 4-6 leaves phenophase, b3-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha applied simultaneously with sowing + N30 100 kg/ha, applied in the 4-6 leaves phenophase and b4-N20P20K0 100 kg/ha applied simultaneously with sowing + N20 100 kg/ha, applied in the 4-6 leaves phenophase, factor C-climatic conditions in the experimental years (c1-2015; c2-2016; c3-2017). The soybean variety studied was Malina TD. Following the application of the minimum tillage system, the yield decreases with a significant difference of 86 kg/ha compared to the conventional tillage system. A very significant influence in the yield of superior quantitative yields is fertilization, in the three variants where the supplementary fertilization was applied, there were obtained very significant yield increases of over 199 kg/ha compared to the control variant which produced a yield of 2373 kg/ha.
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