恒星耀斑和日冕物质抛射对热木星大气逃逸的影响

G. Hazra, A. Vidotto, S. Carolan, C. Villarreal D’Angelo, W. Manchester
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在Ly-α谱线上的光谱观测表明,HD189733b系外行星的大气蒸发是变化的,它的大气蒸发从未被探测到到以1.5年的间隔加速蒸发。为了了解大气逃逸的时间变化,我们利用三维自一致辐射流体动力学模拟研究了耀斑、风和日冕物质抛射对热木星HD189733b大气的影响。我们考虑了四种情况:第一,静止阶段包括恒星风;其次是耀斑;第三,CME;第四种是耀斑,随后是日冕物质抛射。我们发现,与静止情况相比,耀斑本身仅使大气逃逸率增加了25%,而日冕物质抛射使大气逃逸率增加了4倍。我们还发现耀斑本身不能解释在Ly-α中观测到的高蓝移速度。然而,日冕物质抛射导致逃逸大气层的速度增加,从而增强了蓝移过境深度。
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Effect of stellar flares and coronal mass ejections on the atmospheric escape from hot Jupiters
Abstract Spectral observations in the Ly-α line have shown that atmospheric escape is variable and for the exoplanet HD189733b, the atmospheric evaporation goes from undetected to enhanced evaporation in a 1.5 years interval. To understand the temporal variation in the atmospheric escape, we investigate the effect of flares, winds, and CMEs on the atmosphere of hot Jupiter HD189733b using 3D self-consistent radiation hydrodynamic simulations. We consider four cases: first, the quiescent phase including stellar wind; secondly, a flare; thirdly, a CME; and fourthly, a flare followed by a CME. We find that the flare alone increases the atmospheric escape rate by only 25%, while the CME leads to a factor of 4 increments, in comparison to the quiescent case. We also find that the flare alone cannot explain the observed high blue-shifted velocities seen in the Ly-α. The CME, however, leads to an increase in the velocity of escaping atmospheres, enhancing the blue-shifted transit depth.
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