约瑟夫·冯·霍迈尔早期作品中哈布斯堡王朝的出现

G. Ragozin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文论述了19世纪初奥地利历史神话的产生问题。由于法国大革命和“旧帝国”的崩溃,奥地利、神圣罗马帝国和哈布斯堡王朝的身份危机引发了对王朝、王位和国家忠诚的讨论。随着1804年奥地利帝国的建立,哈布斯堡王朝与非日耳曼王国的关系也发生了变化。19世纪早期维也纳的知识分子面临着在新的背景下重新审视身份和国家与社会关系的旧模式残余的挑战。浪漫主义与保守主义相结合的新模式追求的是在主权、国家和社会之间寻找一种“自然”关系的模式。约瑟夫·冯·霍迈尔是19世纪初奥地利历史、哈布斯堡王朝及其与社会关系概念的作者。他用正统主义、王朝爱国主义和普遍的历史记忆为他们辩护。《奥地利的普鲁塔克》对19世纪奥地利的历史记忆产生了影响。早期哈布斯堡王朝的形象被认为是君主制在国家成功、社会稳定和欧洲平衡中的作用。这些随笔显示了王朝在德国和中欧的领导地位的道德权利。霍迈尔在帝国中传播了“奥地利自由”的概念,“结束了无政府状态”,德国东南部地区的一贯中央集权,并得到了庄园的支持。这些君主既以公国和邻国的动员人物形象出现,也以后来将奥地利变成帝国的个人形象出现。
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The Emergence of Habsburgs in Early Works of Joseph von Hormayr
The paper deals with the issue of emergence of the Austrian historical myth in the early 19th century. The identity crisis in Austria, Holy Roman Empire and Habsburg possessions due to the French revolution and collapse of the “Old empire” brought a discussion on loyalty towards dynasty, throne, and the state. Relations of Habsburgs with their non-Germanic realms also underwent a transformation connected with the creation of the Austrian empire in 1804. Intellectuals in the early 19th century Vienna were faced with the challenge to revisit the remains of the old model of identity and relationships between the state and the society in a new context. The new model combining romanticism and conservatism pursued to find a model of “natural” relations between the sovereign, state and society. Joseph von Hormayr was the author of concepts for Austrian history, Habsburg dynasty, and its relations with the society in the early 19th century. He justified them with legitimism, dynastic patriotism, and general historical memory. “The Austrian Plutarch” made an impact on Austrian historical memory in the 19th century. The images of early Habsburgs were supposed to demonstrate the role of monarchy in the success of the state, social stability, and European balance. The essays showed the moral right of the dynasty to leadership in Germany and Central Europe. Hormayr disseminated the concepts of “Austrian freedom” in the Empire, “putting an end to the anarchy”, consistent centralization of Southern-eastern German areas, and its support from estates. The sovereigns appeared both in the image of mobilization figures for the duchy and neighboring countries, and possessors of the personal features turning Austria into the Empire later.
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