新闻文本中使用的信息图(基于BBC和CNN在线新闻)

Viktoria Hetman
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摘要

这篇文章强调了在BBC和CNN网页上使用信息图表来有效地呈现新闻材料。信息图是信息、数据和知识的可视化表示。在新闻文本中广泛使用的信息图类型包括地图,不同类型的图形和图表,如条形图/线形图/饼形图/柱形图/气泡图/仪表图/库存图/瀑布图/流程图;区域图/层次图/电路图/树形图;象形文字,时间表。此外,信息图资源和其他图形组件(图像、图标、几何形状、颜色、数字和标题)的共生关系也被考虑在当前研究的范围内。所有这些都允许控制信息图流。语言和非语言元素都被认为是创造引人注目和抓住注意力的信息图表图片的关键因素。此外,数字模式和色彩在信息图形化呈现中起着重要作用。数字简洁而准确地传达了大量信息,而颜色则表达了情感上有价值的隐喻意义、风格和联想属性。视觉和语言可以整合成一个单一的组合单元。语言元素阐明和破译非语言符号,以更精确的方式重申信息图表图像的信息,从图像可能具有的许多可能的含义中提炼出一种。动词性项目可以用单个词素、一个词组合或一个简单句来表示。非语言成分通过显示数据,在小空间中呈现许多数字,使大数据集连贯,为语言成分提供了必要的和高度信息丰富的视觉效果。它们具有相当明确的描述、探索、制表和装饰目的。视觉元素作为语法,通过非语言的方式识别参与者。信息图是一种有效而强大的工具,可以通过使信息易于消化、具有教育意义和吸引人的方式,以一种可以快速导致洞察力和更好理解的方式来解释复杂问题。
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INFOGRAPHICS USED IN NEWS TEXTS (BASED ON THE BBC AND CNN ONLINE NEWS)
The article highlights the use of infographics to effectively present the news material at BBC and CNN web pages. Infographic is a visual representation of information, data and knowledge. The infographic types that are widely used in news texts include maps, different kinds of graphs and charts such as bar/line/pie/column/bubble/gauge/stock/waterfall/flow charts; area/ hierarchy/circuit/tree diagrams; pictographs, timelines. Also, the symbiosis of infographic resources and additional graphic components (images, icons, geometric shapes, colour, numbers, and headers) was taken into account within the scopes of the current research. All of these allow controlling the infographics flow. Both verbal and nonverbal elements are considered to be crucially significant in creating the eye-catching and attention-grabbing infographic picture. Besides, the digital mode and colour play a significant role in presenting the information infographically. Numbers convey large amounts of information briefly and accurately and colour denotes emotionally valuable metaphorical meaning, stylistic and associative properties. The visual and the verbal can be integrated into a single syntagmatic unit. Verbal elements elucidate and decipher the nonverbal symbols, restate the message of the infographic image in a more precise way, distilling just one from the many possible meanings the image might have. Verbal items are represented by means of a single lexeme, a word combination or a simple sentence. Nonverbal components provide the verbal ones with the essential and highly informative visuals by showing the data, presenting many numbers in a small space, making large data sets coherent. They serve a reasonably clear purpose of description, exploration, tabulation and decoration. The visual elements serve as syntax identifying the participants by nonverbal means. Infographic is an effective and powerful tool to explain complex issues in a way that can quickly lead to insight and better understanding by making information easy to digest, educational, and engaging.
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