Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticle from Fungi, Algae and Bacteria

Silver nanoparticles are today considered as the backbone of nanotechnology industries. Since time immemorial silver along with its compound and associated salts have been walking together with human civilization. Although the silver has been known from such a long time it has not been recently that fabrication of silver nanoparticle was to be a reality. It has some prominent as well as pronounced application in the field of medicine, agriculture etc. It has very favorable and significant antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal properties. It has been found effective against many of bacteria’s such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella Typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and even against few fungus species like Candida albicans. The mode of mechanism could be possible binding of silver ions with the biomolecules present in cells. It is believed that the whole system runs over the fact that it leads to the formation of free radical along with the production of ROS i.e. reactive oxygen species, which ultimately result in apoptotic condition and hence cell could no longer replicate. There is much more application ranging from food preservation, cosmetic etc. But the physical and chemical synthesis of Ag has been inefficient to meet the demands at the same time causing lots of damage to the environment. Hence it calls for a cleaner, efficient and eco-friendly process. That space has been traveled by biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticle from plant, algae, and bacteria etc. This review takes under consideration such efforts in the last few years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2617168