植物纤维素生物工艺原料的选择

E. K. Gladysheva, V. Budaeva, E. A. Skiba, E. I. Kashcheeva, V. N. Zolotuhin
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摘要

利用含纤维素植物材料获取生物制品是经济可持续发展领域的一个相关研究方向。含纤维素的草本原料是最广泛和容易再生的资源之一。在这项研究中,我们开始在以下植物中确定适合生物技术加工的含纤维素的草本植物原料:甘蔗、芒草(Soranovsky品种)、水葫芦、卷心莴苣、苏丹草、燕麦皮、亚麻秸秆(Linum usitatissimum L.)。采用常规的常压碱性脱木质素法对原料进行初步化学处理。得到的底物通过酶水解转化为还原糖溶液。采用碱性脱木质素法对初始原料进行脱木质素处理,可获得纤维素质量含量为82.9 ~ 93.1%的库氏法产品。这个转化率可以被认为是进一步酶解的一个很好的指标。酶解碱性脱木质素产物的酶解结果表明,芒草(Soranovsky品种)、卷心莴苣和燕麦皮的碱性脱木质素产物的酶解反应活性最高。在底物质量的还原性物质产率分别为75.0、85.2和80.7%的条件下,这些植物的还原性物质浓度分别达到25.0、28.4和26.9 g/l。因此,这些植物材料的高反应性使它们成为进一步生物技术处理的潜在候选者。其他研究的植物材料需要优化碱性脱木质素阶段,以提高酶水解的反应性。
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Selection of herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials for biotechnological processing
The use of cellulose-containing plant materials for obtaining bioproducts comprises a relevant research direction in the field of sustainable economic development. Herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials are among the most widespread and easily renewable resources. In this study, we set out to identify herbaceous cellulose-containing raw materials suitable for biotechnological processing among the following plants: cane, miscanthus (Soranovsky variety), water hyacinth, iceberg lettuce, Sudan grass, oat husk, flax straw (Linum usitatissimum L.). Preliminary chemical treatment of raw materials was carried out by the conventional method of alkaline delignification at atmospheric pressure. The obtained substrates were converted into a solution of reducing sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. The method of alkaline delignification of initial raw materials was found to be suitable for obtaining products with the cellulose mass content of 82.9–93.1% by the Kurschner method. This conversion rate can be considered a good indicator for further enzymatic hydrolysis. According to the results of enzymatichydrolysis of alkaline delignification products, the highest reactivity to enzymatic hydrolysis was demonstrated by the alkaline delignification products of miscanthus (Soranovsky variety), iceberg lettuce and oat husk. For these plants, the concentration of reducing substances reached 25.0, 28.4 and 26.9 g/l, under the yield of reducing substances from the substrate mass of 75.0, 85.2 and 80.7%, respectively. Therefore, the high reactivity of these plant materials makes them prospective candidates for further biotechnological processing. Other investigated plant materials require optimization of the alkaline delignification stage to increase their reactivity to enzymatic hydrolysis.
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