Prevalence and Risk Factors of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in Poultry from Doba Commune, Chad

Introduction: Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis are diseases that have a major economic impact on poultry farming and public health worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of multidrug resistant Salmonellosis and Escherichia coli in Doba commune, Chad Methodology: This is an experimental study that took place in Doba, the survey of which was carried out among 41 poultry farming households in 15 districts. The samples of faeces were taken with an average of 13 samples per district and were cultured at the IRED Laboratory in N'Djamena. The strains of Salmonella spp and E. coli isolated were identified by the Enterosystem 18R gallery. Their antibiotic sensitivities were tested against 12 selected antibiotics. The Epi Info 7 ™ software was used to perform the statistical analyses. Results: For this study, 193 samples of faeces were cultured. However, 24 (12.44%) strains were isolated and identified, including 13 (6.74%) Salmonella spp and 11 (5.70%) Escherichia coli. These strains of Salmonella spp were more sensitive to Imipenem (92.31%). They were more resistant to Clotrimazole (84.62%). For E. coli, the highest sensitivity was observed in Imipenem (76.92%). It was more resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavunalic Acid (AMC) 69.23%. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli. According to the profile, the resistance of Salmonella spp to antibiotics was more observed in Béraba (23.08%) and that of Escherichia coli in Bédokassa (27.27%). Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in poultry farming households. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli.