表观遗传对胎儿发育影响的选择和周期

P. L. Sokolov, N. V. Chebanenko
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摘要

目的:分析现代研究中表观遗传对胎儿发育影响的变异和频率。要点。表观遗传影响提供了对生存条件的操作适应。受精后立即发生第一波去甲基化,“抹去”亲本配子的甲基化标记。着床后,胚泡进行第一波甲基化。第二波去甲基化发生在配子发育的开始。在个体发生过程中,我们知道三种类型的表观遗传效应:生活经验的直接影响是指人类生活中发生的变化,是由其适应生存条件的“直接生活经验”引起的。外部间接影响(跨代)是指在前几代(宫内和出生后)发生的表观遗传变化的影响。显然,与遗传的遗传机制相比,外部间接影响具有更快的遗传信息传递途径。结论。因此,我们关于表观遗传学的观点的扩展让你看到了在有机体和种群水平上适应外部环境条件的最重要的机制。关键词:发育,表观遗传学,个体发生,甲基化,组蛋白修饰,染色质重塑,非编码rna。
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Options and Periods of Epigenetic Influences on the Development of the Fetus
Aim: To analyze modern research on the variants and frequency of epigenetic effects on fetal development. Key points. Epigenetic influences provide operational adaptation to the conditions of existence. Immediately after fertilization, the first wave of demethylation, “erasing” of methylation marks of parental gametes. After implantation, the first wave of methylation in blastocyst is carried out. The second wave of demethylation takes place at the beginning of the development of gametes. We know three types of epigenetic effects in the process of ontogenesis: direct influences of life experience refers to changes that occur in human life and caused by “direct life experience” of its adaptation to the conditions of existence. External indirect influences (transgenerations) are an impact of epigenetic changes that have developed in previous generations (both intrauterine and postnatally). Obviously, external indirect influences have a faster route for the transfer of hereditary information in comparison with the genetic mechanisms of inheritance. Conclusion. Thus, the expansion of our ideas about the epigenetics allows you to see in it the most important mechanism for the adaptation to the conditions of the external environment both on the organism and in the population levels. Keywords: development, epigenetics, ontogenesis, methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs.
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