Effect of Membrane-Solute Interactions on Ultrafiltration Performance

1. INTRODUCTION The major limitations for application of ultrafiltration (UF) processes are the membrane fouling and concentration polarization phenomena arising from rejection of solute molecules at the membrane surface. Concentration polarization can be controlled by engineering parameters such as module design and system hydrodynamics, whereas fouling is influenced by various membrane-solute interactions, membrane morphology, and solute-solute interactions. Studies of the membrane surface chemistry and solution environment, which are responsible for membrane-solute interactions, are important for understanding membrane performance and fouling during UF.