犯罪的法律责任:关于犯罪的具体划分

V. Petkov, S. Petkov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

除其他外,极权主义反民主国家对乌克兰的外部侵略是由内部因素造成的,其中包括民主体制的危机,首先是苏联法律制度中存在的冲突,这些冲突在后苏联国家的法律中得到了概括。乌克兰社会转型的例子可能是最引人注目的,因为以腐败、威权主义、镇压和无视权利和自由为形式的帝国性权力也影响了新形成的乌克兰政治和经济环境。军事领域,特别是军队的法律责任制度也不例外,由于其孤立、保守以及与个人特点和环境本身相关的多重风险,军事领域极易腐败和犯罪。因此,迫切需要按照北约的标准进行改革。但是,如果不改革乌克兰的整个立法制度,就不可能做到这一点。根据法理学和实际必要性的假设,该条证实有必要确保乌克兰立法中使用“犯罪”、“行政犯罪”、“违纪犯罪”等术语的法律确定性,这些术语是法律责任制度的基础。发件人提出论据,赞成根据《乌克兰宪法》区分犯罪责任、行政违法责任和纪律违法责任的标的和理由。有人建议制订规范社会和经济生活各个领域,尤其是军事领域的法规。
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Legal responsibility for crimes: regarding the specific division of offenses
The external aggression of totalitarian anti-democratic states against Ukraine is, among other things, caused by internal factors, including the crisis of democratic institutions and, above all, the conflicts that existed in the soviet system of law and have been recapitulated in the law of postsoviet countries. Ukraine's example of societal transformation is perhaps the most striking, as the imperial nature of power in the form of corruption, authoritarianism, repression, and disregard for rights and freedoms has also affected the newly formed Ukrainian political and economic environment. The military sphere, and especially the institution of legal responsibility of the military, is no exception, as it is extremely corruption- and crime-prone due to its isolation, conservatism, and multivector risks associated with both personal characteristics and the environment itself. Therefore, it requires urgent reform in accordance with NATO standards. However, this cannot be done without reforming the entire system of Ukrainian legislation. In accordance with the postulates of jurisprudence and practical necessity, the article substantiates the need to ensure legal certainty in the use of the terms "crime", "administrative offense", "disciplinary offense" in Ukrainian legislation, which are basic for the institution of legal liability. The author provides arguments in favor of distinguishing between the subject matter and grounds of liability for a crime, liability for an administrative offense and liability for a disciplinary offense in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine. Proposals are made to create codified regulations governing various spheres of social and economic life and, above all, the military sphere.
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