Effects of super-light-duty gasoline and LPG-fueled cars on 16 ambient hydrocarbons at roadsides in Japan

In Japan, five types of vehicles, light-duty gasoline [(LDG); 550 cc < engine displacement (ED)], super-light-duty gasoline [(SLD); ED < 550 cc], liquid petroleum-fueled [(LPG); 550 cc < ED < 3000 cc], light-duty diesel [(LDD); 550 cc < ED < 5000 cc] and heavy-duty diesel [(HDD); 5000 cc < ED] cars have been used widely to give the complex influences on the hydrocarbon components at roadsides and in city areas, which have not been explained sufficiently. In this study, we investigated the ambient 16 hydrocarbon components at two roadsides in commercial and industrial areas of Osaka City along with the traffic densities of five types of vehicles to propose the significant effects of emissions from SLD and LPG cars besides that of LDG car through a comparison of the ambient [ethylene]/[acetylene] and [i-, n-pentanes]/[i-, n-butanes] ratios with those of the source profiles published in Japan.