Development of Non-Invasive Biosensor Devices for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine

Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor in the United States. It is the second most common cancer of the urinary system, accounting for 7% of all new cancer cases. It is also the fifth deadliest cancer, accounting for 4% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. Our efforts to reduce costs of BC diagnosis and improve patients’ quality of life by avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic tests resulted in findings of promising urinary biomarkers for the detection of BC. This short review article aims to provide the current status of non-invasive biosensor device development for detection of BC, in particular, in patients’ urine samples.