{"title":"尼日利亚卫生保健系统的演变:21世纪的前进之路","authors":"Ajovi Scott-Emuakpor","doi":"10.4314/NMJ.V51I2.59866","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Correspondence: Prof. A. Scott-Emuakpor Evolution is “change” and one of the most consistent phenomena of life is “change”. Change is to alter, to vary, to substitute, and to mutate. The complexity of life itself is brought about by change. Our individuality is fashioned by change. In the process of gamete formation, the genes within the germ cell undergo a complex rearrangement referred to as “meiosis”. During this event, the chromatids of homologous chromosomes participate in an almost ritualistic exchange of genetic materials called “crossing-over” or “recombination”. At the end of this process, paternal and maternal genes are recombined uniquely to produce an arrangement of genes never before encountered. This ultimate change produces a unique individual generation after generation. 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引用次数: 71
摘要
A. Scott-Emuakpor教授:进化就是“变化”,而生命最一致的现象之一就是“变化”。变化就是改变、变化、替代和变异。生活本身的复杂性是由变化带来的。我们的个性是由变化塑造的。在配子形成的过程中,生殖细胞内的基因经历了一个复杂的重排过程,称为“减数分裂”。在这一过程中,同源染色体的染色单体参与了一种几乎仪式性的遗传物质交换,称为“交叉”或“重组”。在这个过程的最后,父亲和母亲的基因被独特地重组,产生了一种前所未有的基因排列。这种最终的变化产生了一代又一代独特的个体。无论你是“进化论者”还是“创造论者”,变化构成了你所相信的过程的主要元素。整个进化论都美化了“变化”。进化的实质来源于“适者生存”的理论。适者生存是因为它们经历了一种叫做“突变”的变化,这种变化使它们在不断变化的环境中具有生殖优势。因此,“适者生存”在应对变化的环境时具有“选择优势”。神创论者应该很好地记住创世的故事。它包括一系列的变化。正如故事所说:“大地混沌无定;黑暗笼罩着深渊的表面。神的灵运行在水面上。神说:“要有光,就有了光”(见创世记1:2-3)。光是上帝在他的创造过程中带来的第一个变化。当你读到《创世纪》的其余部分时,上帝创造的故事会变得更加迷人。它展示了上帝如何煞费苦心地改变世界和其中的美丽。它还显示了当第一批人类违背上帝的指示时,我们的存在所带来的变化。
The Evolution of Health Care Systems in Nigeria: Which Way Forward in the Twenty-First Century
Correspondence: Prof. A. Scott-Emuakpor Evolution is “change” and one of the most consistent phenomena of life is “change”. Change is to alter, to vary, to substitute, and to mutate. The complexity of life itself is brought about by change. Our individuality is fashioned by change. In the process of gamete formation, the genes within the germ cell undergo a complex rearrangement referred to as “meiosis”. During this event, the chromatids of homologous chromosomes participate in an almost ritualistic exchange of genetic materials called “crossing-over” or “recombination”. At the end of this process, paternal and maternal genes are recombined uniquely to produce an arrangement of genes never before encountered. This ultimate change produces a unique individual generation after generation. Whether you are an “evolutionist” or a “creationist”, change constitutes the main element of the process in which you believe. The entire theory of evolution glorifies “change”. Evolution derives its substance from the theory of “survival of the fittest”. The fittest are fittest because they have undergone change called “mutation”, which confers on them reproductive superiority in a constantly changing environment. Therefore, the “fittest” have a “selective advantage” to deal with a changed environment. The creationist should remember the story of creation very well. It consisted of a series of changes. As the narrative goes, “And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, “Let there be light: and there was light” (see Genesis 1:2-3). Light was the very first change God brought to bear in the process of His creation. The story of God's creation becomes even more fascinating as you read the rest of the book of Genesis. It shows how God changed the world and the beauty therein painstakingly. It also shows the changes that were introduced into our very existence when the first Humans disobeyed the instructions of God.