法老时代埃及的惩罚、庇护和税收提取过程

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY International Review of Social History Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI:10.1017/S0020859023000032
A. S. Fagbore
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引用次数: 0

摘要

控制和收集的过程是贯穿法老历史的突出主题。然而,在法老时期(c.2686-1069),中央政权试图管理农田以直接从实际耕种土地的农民那里收取收入的程度是不清楚的。从事农业耕作的人与当地大家庭和更广泛的亲属团体的首领之间的关系深深植根于广泛的人际话语、行为和实践中。在没有人格化的“国家”等级制度中,村长和各级官员本身就是土地所有者,他们从土地中获取收入,并负责从他们的田地中收取收入。因此,有必要以自给经济的必要性为重点,确定谁在耕种土地,以及他们、首领和来自外部权力结构内部的人(在直接干预特定人口群体的情况下)之间的关系。为了解决这些问题,我将把重点放在作为“国家”过程的收入提取上,它是如何与惩罚的角色联系在一起的,以及它对地方等级制度(收入提取的目标)的影响。
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Punishment, Patronage, and the Revenue Extraction Process in Pharaonic Egypt
Abstract The processes of control and collection are prominent themes throughout pharaonic history. However, the extent that the central regime attempted to administer agricultural fields to collect revenues directly from the farmer who actually worked the land is unclear during the pharaonic period (c.2686–1069). Relations between those involved in agricultural cultivation and local headships of extended families and wider kinship groups were deeply embedded within a broad range of interpersonal discourses, behaviours, and practices. Village headmen and officials at all levels of an impersonalized “state” hierarchy were themselves landholders who drew income from the land and were held responsible for collecting revenues from their fields. It is therefore necessary to define, with a focus on the imperatives of a subsistence economy, who was working the land and what the relationship was between them, the headmen, and those from within outside power structures (in the context of direct intervention against specific groups of the population). To address these points, I will focus on revenue extraction as a “state” process, how it was connected to the role of punishment, and its impact on local hierarchies (the targets of revenue extraction).
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
68
期刊介绍: International Review of Social History, is one of the leading journals in its field. Truly global in its scope, it focuses on research in social and labour history from a comparative and transnational perspective, both in the modern and in the early modern period, and across periods. The journal combines quality, depth and originality of its articles with an open eye for theoretical innovation and new insights and methods from within its field and from contiguous disciplines. Besides research articles, it features surveys of new themes and subject fields, a suggestions and debates section, review essays and book reviews. It is esteemed for its annotated bibliography of social history titles, and also publishes an annual supplement of specially commissioned essays on a current theme.
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