俄乌战争期间乌克兰城市文化遗产的破坏、保存与反思

Yevhen Rachkov
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摘要

本文探讨了在俄罗斯入侵的过程中,乌克兰城市文化遗产的破坏、保护和反思等一系列问题。作者强调,今天保护遗产仍然是乌克兰文化政策的一个重要方面。自2014年以来,俄罗斯的军事侵略对乌克兰城市造成了重大破坏。俄罗斯军队在乌克兰的犯罪行为表现出杀害城市的特征,因为它们的目的是摧毁异质的文化和象征性的城市空间以及城市文化遗产的多样性。专家认为,由于俄乌战争,乌克兰的文化遗产和文化基础设施将遭受自第二次世界大战以来最严重的破坏和破坏。文章指出,在这种情况下,乌克兰正在制定保护文化遗产的新战略。各种公众倡议、志愿者运动和国际组织的援助都发挥了重要作用。总的来说,乌克兰在文化遗产保护领域需要长期的支持。鉴于国家文化遗产的多样性和多面性,我们需要采用各种方法和技术来有效地保护它。特别是,数字技术,包括文物数字化,应该改善这一领域的记录保存,并有助于跟踪国家的文化遗产。作者认为,俄罗斯的侵略导致了对乌克兰文化遗产的理解和态度的某种“转变”。寻找和复兴民族文化的传统组成部分,以及对俄罗斯帝国和苏联遗产的批判性反思,正在获得更多的公众关注。在这方面,文章谈到了俄罗斯全面入侵所引起的乌克兰城市地名变化的新浪潮,以及拆除某类城市纪念碑、重新编排博物馆展品等事态发展。
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Destruction, Preservation, and Rethinking of Ukraine’s Urban Cultural Heritage during the Russo-Ukrainian War
The article explores a range of problems relating to the destruction, preservation, and rethinking of Ukraine’s urban cultural heritage in the course of the ongoing Russian invasion. The author stresses that today protection of heritage remains an important aspect of Ukraine’s cultural policy. Since 2014, Russian military aggression has caused significant destruction in Ukrainian cities. The criminal actions of the Russian troops in Ukraine exhibit characteristics of urbicide, as they are aimed at destroying heterogeneous cultural and symbolic urban space and the diversity of the urban cultural heritage. According to experts, as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the cultural heritage and cultural infrastructure of Ukraine will have suffered the heaviest destruction and damage since the Second World War. The article notes that under these conditions, new strategies for the protection of cultural heritage are being developed in Ukraine. Various public initiatives, the volunteer movement, and assistance from international organizations all play important roles. In general, Ukraine needs long-term support in the area of cultural heritage protection. Given the diversity and multifaceted nature of the country’s cultural heritage, we need to employ a variety of approaches and technologies to preserve it effectively. In particular, digital technologies, including the digitization of artifacts, should improve the record-keeping in this sphere and help keep track of the country’s cultural heritage. The author argues that the Russian aggression has led to a “turn” of sorts in the understanding of, and attitude towards, cultural heritage in Ukraine. The search for and revival of traditional components of national culture, as well as critical rethinking of the Russian imperial and Soviet heritage, are gaining more public prominence. In connection with this, the article touches on the new wave of toponymic changes in Ukrainian cities provoked by the full-scale Russian invasion, as well as on such developments as the dismantling of a certain category of urban monuments, reformatting of museum exhibits, etc.
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