Determining the Operating Temperature of Solar Panels on Vehicles

A technical basis for measurement of the operating temperatures of PV modules in vehicle-integrated applications is explored. Convective and radiative heat transfer are modeled to elucidate the methodology. Data reported for sister modules mounted in an experimental black box and in the sun roof of a car show very similar temperatures. The box provides a uniform environment in the closed configuration but can be adjusted to explore a wider range of operating environments by opening or closing the sides and by insulating the back.