乌克兰文化外交:经验、问题与展望

Olha Filatova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文化外交是一个相当新的概念,但它是民族间和国家间交流的有力工具。对文化外交概念形成过程中的理论和实践经验的考察,阐明了文化外交作为游说国家利益手段的有效性。重点放在文化外交元素的存在上,甚至在古代文明中,这证实了这一“软实力”工具的有效性。概述了乌克兰作为国际舞台上一个主权和成熟的行动者发展的主要趋势。确定了现代乌克兰国家为在地缘政治和文化世界中立足而引入进步外交方法的必要性。通过运用文化外交的历史经验来确定其在国家正面形象形成过程中的有效运用形式和方法。重点是许多现代欧洲国家的经验,特别是法国、德国、英国、波兰和美国。人们发现,文化外交目前是许多国家外交政策的一个重要领域。回顾了乌克兰文化外交的发展历程。确定了公共外交领域公共政策的主要阶段和关键要素。概述了国家和社会组织在国内和国外推广乌克兰文化领域的活动。确定了通过文化活动有效实现国家利益的条件。为出口创造优质内容,这是国内政治、社会力量和其他利益相关者有效协调努力的产物。作者强调,文化外交对乌克兰来说是一种“软实力”,是外交政策的一个战略要素,通过它可以在公共层面上获得其他国家的支持。然而,目前发展文化外交的国家战略刚刚形成,它正在吸收欧洲的经验,获得新的形式。
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CULTURAL DIPLOMACY OF UKRAINE: EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Cultural diplomacy is a fairly new concept, but it is a powerful tool for interethnic and interstate communication. Consideration of theoretical and applied experience in the formation of the concept of cultural diplomacy clarifies its effectiveness as a means of lobbying national interests. Emphasis is placed on the existence of elements of cultural diplomacy, even in ancient civilizations, which confirms the effectiveness of this instrument of «soft power». The main tendencies of Ukraine's development as a sovereign and fully-fledged actor in the international arena are outlined. The necessity of introduction of progressive diplomacy methods by the modern Ukrainian state for establishment in the geopolitical and cultural world is determined.The historical experience of using cultural diplomacy to determine effective forms and methods of its application in the process of forming a positive image of the state is considered. Emphasis is placed on the experience of many modern European countries, especially France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland and the United States. It has been found that cultural diplomacy is currently an important area of foreign policy in many countries. The process of development of cultural diplomacy in Ukraine is viewed. The main stages and key elements of public policy in the field of public diplomacy are identified. The activity of state and public organizations in the field of popularization of Ukrainian culture, inside the country and abroad is outlined. The conditions for the effective realization of national interests through cultural initiatives are determined. The creation of quality content for export, that is a product of effective coordination of efforts of domestic political, social forces and other stakeholders is outlined. The author highlights that cultural diplomacy is a "soft power" for Ukraine, a strategic element of foreign policy, through which support can be found in other countries at the public level. However, currently the state strategy for the development of cultural diplomacy is just being formed, it is gaining new forms, adopting the European experience.
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