A unifying theoretical framework for clinical psychology

Clinical psychology lacks a theoretical framework through which to interpret and apply research findings. This com­ ment explains the theoretical framework of ethology, a discipline that is extinct in the United States. The ethol­ ogists Lorenz and Tinbergen developed behavioral systems theory as a means to place the proximal causes of behav­ iors within the context of adaptive goals. This comment asserts that there are four adaptive goals that motivate human social behavior: attachment/affiliation, caregiving, dominance and sex. Tinbergen developed the four questions of ethology as a complete explanation for behavior. The arti­ cles in this volume are discussed in terms of behavioral sys­ tems theory and the four questions of ethology.