Applications, Model Study and Commercial Utilization (Patents) of Ophthalmic Route as Drug Delivery Site

Ophthalmic drug delivery has been a noteworthy challenge for the researchers because of its one of a kind anatomy and physiology which consists of different sorts of boundaries, such as layers of cornea, sclera, and retina, etc. these obstructions can cause challenges for drug delivery and also in a dosage form, significantly into the posterior part of the eye. To defeat these sorts of issues different types of dosage forms have been developed such as nanoparticles, nano micelles, liposome, and micro-emulsions. Ongoing endeavors in research for ophthalmic drug delivery principally have concentrated on the frameworks which demonstrated that drugs are administered as in the form of eye drops. Because of the intense efforts of researchers, huge progressions in the following areas have been made, areas like in situ forming gels, oil in water emulsions, colloidal drug delivery systems, etc. The present article represents the overview of various factors which affects absorption and also clarifies about the use of media like bio-relevant media for eyes. This review will also explains about the transport of peptides and proteins through eyes, factors governing precipitation of drugs into eyes, vaccination through eyes as well as mechanistic study for drug absorption. Additionally, this article also summarizes different patents which are based on ophthalmic delivery of active agents. Delivery of drugs by ophthalmic route has been proved advantageous for future perspectives.