#黑人的生命很重要#与推特上国家话语的斗争:数字行动主义作为新的公共领域

V. Bondarenko, Olena Kaptiurova, V. Orlova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

非裔美国男子乔治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd)被一名白人警察杀害的悲剧在社交媒体上引起了广泛讨论,并促使许多人利用社交媒体来讨论美国执法部门的角色和种族主义现状。由于社交媒体已不可忽视地成为寻求在当今单一的公众舆论中引入新声音的活动人士的工具,Twitter为“黑人的命也是命”(Black Lives Matter)数字活动人士提供了创造自己身份的空间,使他们能够参与(重新)塑造公众舆论,并渴望社会变革。借助现代社会的技术推动力,社交媒体为公共领域创造了一个可行的替代品,以挑战控制舆论话语和议程生产的权力和霸权。该研究借鉴了哈贝马斯的“公共领域”理论,从而将旨在控制公共国家话语的#BalckLivesMatter (BLM)行动主义概念化。批判话语分析,反过来,为语言选择和文本的结构方式提供了批判性检查的框架,选择,并赋予促进某些意识形态和特定社会表征的意义。利用这一理论背景,本文探讨了2020年5月25日至31日期间,在弗洛伊德去世后,BLM活动家在Twitter消息(http://twitter.com)中使用的语言手段。文章揭示了#BlackLivesMatter #推文揭露了美国全国不平等、不公正和种族主义的话语,推特被美国社会边缘化的黑人少数群体用作(重新)建构公共领域和挑战白人意识形态主导的主流大众媒体的替代空间。语言分析揭示了推特上“黑人的生命也重要”(#BlackLivesMatter)信息的分裂性质,这些信息是由黑人与白人的强烈对立所表达的,以及他们的特殊主义,这种特殊主义在BLM活动家与普遍主义者“所有生命都重要”(#AllLivesMatter)支持者的辩论中变得明显。
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#BLACKLIVESMATTER and struggle over national discourse on Twitter: digital activism as new public sphere
The tragic death of George Floyd, an African-American male killed by a white policeman, has been widely discussed on social media and instigated many to use social media as an argumentum over the law enforcement role and the racist status quo in the USA. As social media have unignorably become a tool for activists who seek to introduce new voices into the present-day monoglossic public opinion, Twitter has offered the space for the Black Lives Matter digital activism to create their own identity that enables them to participate in (re)shaping the public opinion and aspire for social change. Social media, leaning on the technological thrust into modern society, have created a viable substitute for public sphere to challenge the power and hegemony which control the production of discourse and agenda that dominate the public opinion. The study draws on Habermas' theory of the 'public sphere' so as to conceptualize the #BalckLivesMatter (BLM) activism aimed at controlling the public national discourse. Critical Discourse Analysis, in its turn, provides the framework for critical examination of language choices and the ways in which texts are structured, selected, and invested with meanings that facilitate the promotion of certain ideologies and particular social representations. Using this theoretical background, the article explores language means used in Twitter messages (http://twitter.com) by BLM activists between May 25 and 31, 2020, in the aftermath of Floyd's death. The article reveals that #BlackLivesMatter tweets expose the discourse of inequality, injustice and racism across the American nation and that Twitter is used by the black minority marginalized in the American society as an alternative space to (re)construct the public sphere and to challenge the mainstream mass media dominated by the white ideology. The linguistic analysis uncovers the divisive nature of #BlackLivesMatter messages on Twitter expressed by the emphatic blacks vs whites opposition as well as their particularism that becomes pronounced in the debates of BLM activists with the universalist #AllLivesMatter supporters.
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