爪哇认识论的批判性分析及其与印尼科学发展的相关性

Reno Wikandaru, Shely Cathrin, E. Satria, Dian Rianita
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引用次数: 1

摘要

人类已经发展了科学来理解他们在生活中面临的现象。因此,科学的发展必然与认识论联系在一起,因为它强调真理问题——认识论的焦点。科学和知识的发展受到特定利益、动机、需求和历史/文化背景的影响。为了确保科学以最适合印度尼西亚社会的方式发展,这种发展必须植根于印度尼西亚现有的文化价值观,例如爪哇文化中的价值观。本研究试图将爪哇认识论作为印尼科学发展的基础。它发现,首先,知识在爪哇人中被称为“kawruh”;其次,知识并不总是局限于认知维度;第三,真理的一个具体标准是和谐,或“pener”。爪哇人认为“rasa”能够把人类带到最高的知识。虽然客观知识是存在的,但每个人对现实的成就是不同的。爪哇人认为陈述/行为的有效性或真实性根植于他们与真理的经验理性原则和现有秩序的和谐,遵循谚语“bener turn pener”。
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Critical Analysis of Javanese Epistemology and Its Relevance to Science Development in Indonesia
Humans have developed science to understand the phenomena they face in their lives. As such, the development of science is inexorably linked with epistemology because it emphasizes the question of truth—the focus of epistemology. The development of science and knowledge has been influenced by specific interests, motives, needs, and historic/cultural backgrounds. To ensure that science is developed in a manner best suited for Indonesian society, such development must be rooted in extant Indonesian cultural values, such as those found in Javanese culture. This study attempts to formulate Javanese epistemology as a basis for scientific development in Indonesia. It finds, first, that knowledge is known as “kawruh” among the Javanese people; second, knowledge is not always limited to the cognitive dimension; and third, a specific criterion for truth is harmony, or “pener”. Javanese people consider “rasa” capable of bringing humans to the supreme knowledge. Although objective knowledge exists, every individual achievement of reality is different. Javanese people consider the validity or truthfulness of statements/actions rooted in their harmony with the empirical rational principle of truth and the existing order, following the adage “bener tur pener”.
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