Advances in Genetic Manipulation of Lignocellulose to Reduce BiomassRecalcitrance and Enhance Biofuel Production in Bioenergy Crops

Lignocellulose biomass derived from plant cell walls is a rich source of biopolymers for the production of biofuels. Biomass recalcitrance is the noticeable and main features of lignocellulose which can reduces by genetic modification of plant cell wall. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader a new insight for enhancing biomass yield and biofuels production. This can be issued by focusing on major perennial grasses, cereal crops and woody feedstock which have high biomass yield or large biomass residues and also the effects of distinctive cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin) on the enzymatic saccharification of biomass under different pretreatments. Moreover the present review paper will also major gene candidates which are involved plant cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and modification for improving biomass yield and digestibility in transgenic plants and genetic mutants.