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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文论述了共和传统在现代政治理论中的主要理论规定。主要注意力集中在F.佩蒂特和Q.斯金纳的作品上。本文介绍了共和传统在二十世纪下半叶政治理论中的地位,并对共和传统在今天的流行进行了论证,强调了共和理论实现的理论背景。它展示了共和理论是如何被剑桥政治思想史学派更新的。共和理论的特点包括两点:共和计划对其他政治理论(计划)的开放性;共和理论的代表人物关注的不是政治理论,而是政治思想史,即他们不发展自己的理论计划,而是在政治理论中实现,使共和传统适应现代政治实践。追溯了西方政治思想史上共和传统的起源,特别关注了共和思想在英国内战(1642-1651)期间的发展以及国会议员和保皇党之间的政治/意识形态对抗,重点关注了“政治体”和“议会之王”的概念。本文追溯了霍布斯对共和主义对自由的理解的批判,以及这种批判对现代政治理论的影响。揭示了共和主义对自由的理解是如何在近代被消极的自由概念所取代的,以及为什么自由主义理论开始以消极的自由概念为基础。共和主义者对自由的理解是不统治的,以及积极自由、消极自由和自由作为非统治的概念之间的关系。对共和传统的自由主义解释提出了批评。强调共和传统的理论发展对现代政治理论的重要意义,并指出共和理论与自由主义理论的根本区别。
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REPUBLICANISM IN MODERN POLITICAL THEORY
The article discusses the main theoretical provisions of the republican tradition in modern political theory. The main attention is focused on the works of F. Pettit and Q. Skinner. The position of the republican tradition in the political theory of the second half of the twentieth century is presented and the popularity of this tradition is argued today, the theoretical background of the actualization of republican theory is highlighted. It is shown how the republican theory was updated by the Cambridge School of the History of Political Thought. The features of the republican theory, which consists of two points, are considered: the openness of the republican project to alternative political theories (projects), representatives of the republican theory focus not on political theory, but on the history of political thought, that is, they do not develop their own theoretical project, but actualize in political theory and adapt the republican tradition to modern political practices. The origins of the republican tradition in the history of Western political thought are traced, special attention is focused on the development of republican ideas during the civil war in England (1642-1651) and the political/ideological confrontation between parliamentarians and royalists, focuses on the concepts of «political body» and «king-in-parliament». The criticism of the republican understanding of liberty by T. Hobbes and the consequences of this criticism for the political theory of the Modern era is traced. It is shown how the republican understanding of freedom is supplanted by the negative concept of freedom in modern times, why the liberal theory begins to be based on the negative concept of freedom. The republican understanding of freedom as non-domonation and the relationship between the concepts of positive liberty, negative liberty and liberty as non-domination are considered. Criticism of the republican tradition of a liberal interpretation of liberty is presented. The significance of the theoretical developments of the republican tradition for modern political theory is highlighted and the fundamental difference between the republican approach and the liberal one is shown.
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