日托米尔地区废弃物管理的特点

Z. Korzh
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摘要

本文分析了日托米尔地区近5年来垃圾管理的特点。属于危害类I-IV的废物数量显著减少(高达40%),危害类III的废物产品减少了近40倍。1 - 4级危险废物数量最多的是波皮尼亚区、安德鲁什夫卡区和日托米尔。在普利尼、Brusyliv和巴拉尼夫卡区发现的这些废物数量最少。可获得的废物数量最多的是分别在Korosten和Ovruch地区的Zhytomyr。Berdychiv、Malyn和Brusyliv地区被认为是产生废物最少的地区。2016年,采矿业废弃物和有机废弃物、林木废弃物、动植物废弃物占所有废弃物的28%。生活垃圾占22%,其他矿物垃圾占21%,死岩占16%。由于缺乏正常运作的基础设施(首先是分类收集系统),每年损失数百万吨废物产品中所含的宝贵资源。目前国内加工企业对这类原料的同步需求,通过从国外购买这类可回收材料来解决。迫切需要解决进一步实施低废物技术以及改善废物管理领域的管制和法律支助的问题。圣经16,图1,表2。
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THE PECULIARITIES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ZHYTOMYR REGION
The paper analyses the peculiarities of waste management in Zhytomyr region over the last 5 years. There was a significant decrease (up to 40 %) in the amount of wastes belonging to the hazard Classes I–IV as well as almost 40 times reduction in waste products of the hazard Class III. The largest amount of waste products of the hazard Classes I–IV was formed in Popilnia district, Andrushivka district and Zhytomyr. The smallest amount of these waste products was found in Pulyny, Brusyliv and Baranivka districts. The highest amount of available waste products was registered in Zhytomyr, in Korosten and Ovruch districts respectively. Berdychiv, Malyn and Brusyliv districts were characterized as those ones generating the least amount of waste products. The waste products of mining industry and wastes of organic nature, videlicet wood waste, plant and animal waste account for 28 % of all the wastes generated for the period of 2016. Household wastes, other mineral wastes, and dead rock account for 22 %, 21 % and 16 % respectively. The lack of properly functioning infrastructure (first of all, the system of separate collection) causes annual losses of million tons of valuable resources contained in waste products. The simultaneous need of domestic processing enterprises for such raw materials is solved nowadays by means of purchasing such recyclable materials from other countries. The issue of further implementation of low-waste technologies as well as the improvement of regulatory and legal support in the field of waste management need urgent solving. Bibl. 16, Fig. 1, Tab. 2.
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