巴基斯坦妇女赋权对生育偏好的影响

Naeem Akram
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引用次数: 1

摘要

生育是女性生活的一个重要方面,不幸的是,与其他发展中国家和其他南亚国家相比,巴基斯坦的生育率相当高。不同的研究表明,赋予妇女权力有助于降低生育率。本研究试图分析妇女赋权的作用以及其他社会经济指标在生育行为的三个不同维度上的作用,即出生子女数量(当前生育状况)、理想子女数量和生育间隔(未来生育状况)。使用2012-13年人口与健康调查(PDHS)数据。分析包括两个层次,在第一个层次进行描述性分析。生育率的三个不同方面是统计数据。因此,下一阶段将使用毒性回归技术对模型进行估计,并报告发病率比(IRR)。人们发现,妇女在经济事务、寻求保健和家庭决策方面获得权力有助于降低生育率。此外,妇女参加工作、居住在城市地区、受过中等或高等教育、获得媒体的宣传、结婚年龄较晚也是降低生育率的重要因素。然而,面临流产或儿童死亡的妇女往往会提高生育率。研究发现,家庭财富、丈夫的教育程度和是否生儿子对生育行为的影响非常有限。
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Impact of Women Empowerment on Fertility Preferences in Pakistan
Reproduction is an important aspect of a women's life, unfortunately in Pakistan fertility rates are quite high in comparison to other developing countries as well as in comparison to the other South Asian countries. Different studies have suggested that women empowerment can help reduce fertility rates. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of women empowerment along with other socioeconomic indicators on three different dimensions of the fertility behavior i.e. number of children born (current fertility status), ideal number of children and birth intervals (future fertility status. Data of Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-13 has been used. The analysis consists of two levels, at level one a descriptive analysis is carried out. As three different aspects of fertility are the count data. Therefore at the next stage models will be estimated by using poison regression technique and Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) are reported. It has been found that women’s being empowered in financial matters, seeking health care and in household decision making are helpful in reducing fertility. Furthermore, participation in job by women, living in urban areas, having secondary or higher education, access to awareness created by the media, married at higher age are also significant factors in reducing fertility. However, women facing incidence of miscarriage or death of a child tends to increase the fertility. Study had found that wealth of the household, education of husband and having sons have very limited role on the fertility behavior.
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