Septic pericarditis in a complicated case of non-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a Jack Russel terrier

A three-year-old, male, intact Jack Russel terrier was referred for severe regenerative anemia and was diagnosed with non-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Treatment was implemented according to the ACVIM guidelines (Swann et al., 2019). As no response was seen eleven days later despite two immunosuppressive drugs, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG, 1 g/kg) were administered. Three days later, septic shock and diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade and thrombus in the right atrium. Fluid analysis confirmed septic pericarditis. A pericardial drain was placed following immediate reoccurrence of the pericardial effusion. Despite a stable hematocrit for several days following IVIG administration, a decrease in hematocrit was subsequently noted and splenectomy was performed. In total, six blood transfusions were given. Two years after presentation and intensive follow-up, immunosuppressive therapy was tapered, and the dog had excellent quality of life.