耕作和杂草管理措施对黄豆土壤理化性质及产量的影响

N. Konde, S. Ingle, Nilam Kanase, J. Shirankar, S. Bhoyar, P. Kadu, J. Deshmukh, D. Mali, S. Jadhao
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摘要

在2018-19年期间,印度农学系杂草管理协调研究项目(AICRP)研究农场进行了一项调查,研究了“耕作和杂草管理措施对土壤理化性质和ineptisols大豆产量的影响”。研究重点是耕作和杂草管理措施对土壤理化性质、大豆产量和养分有效性的综合影响。在条形地块上,4条不同耕作方式的条带上叠加5种除草措施,重复3次。耕作操作包括常规耕作、少耕、少耕和免耕,但杂草管理措施包括苗期前使用除草剂(双氯磺胺)、苗期后使用除草剂(丙咪唑磷+咪唑乙磷)、苗期前和苗期后综合使用除草剂、手工除草和杂草检查。试验区土壤反应呈碱性,有机碳含量中低。速效氮、磷含量低,速效钾含量高至极高。根据所注意到的观察,由于耕作和杂草管理措施,土壤的容重受到显著影响。免耕时容重最高(1.46 Mg m-3),其次为免耕(1.45 Mg m-3)。最高平均重径(0.75 mm)为最小耕作和手工除草管理方法(0.75 mm)。而耕作和杂草管理对土壤物理性质的影响不显著。最少耕作和手除草的氮素、磷和钾速效最高,分别为207.33 kg hm -1、20.07 kg hm -1和346.1 kg hm -1。
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Effect of Tillage and Weed Management Practices on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Soybean in Inceptisols
An investigation was carried during the year 2018-19 to study the“ Effect of tillage and weed management practices on physico-chemical properties of soil and yield of soybean in Inceptisols” at Research Farm of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Weed Management, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The study has focused the integrated effect of tillage and weed management practices on physico chemical properties of soil, yield of soybean and availability of nutrients. Five weed control practices were superimposed in four strips of different tillage practices in strip plot with three replications. The tillage operations consist of conventional tillage, reduced tillage, minimum tillage and zero tillage, however weed management practices includes application of pre emergence weedicide (diclosulam), post emergence weedicides (propaquizafop + imazethapyr.), integration of pre emergence and post emergence weedicide, hand weeding and weedy check. The soils of experimental plot was alkaline in reaction and low to medium in organic carbon. The available nitrogen and phosphorus was low and potassium was high to very high. Based on the observations noted, the bulk density of soil was significantly influenced due to tillage and weed management practices. The highest bulk density was noted with zero tillage (1.46 Mg m-3) followed by reduced tillage (1.45 Mg m-3). The highest Mean Weight Diameter (0.75 mm) was enumerated with minimum tillage and hand weeding management practice (0.75 mm). While, the interaction of tillage and weed management practices showed non-significant results in respect of soil physical properties. The highest available of nitrogen (207.33 kg ha-1), phosphorus (20.07 kg ha-1) and potassium (346.1 kg ha-1) were recorded with minimum tillage and with hand weeding practice.
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