动物粪便、有机和合成肥料的环境影响评价

Nitrogen Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI:10.3390/nitrogen4010002
V. Litskas
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引用次数: 3

摘要

化肥的使用对全球范围内的粮食安全至关重要。然而,化肥生产和过度使用可能会产生环境问题。本研究采用生命周期评价(LCA)对6种不同肥料产品的18个环境影响类别进行了评价:3种合成硝酸铵;硝酸铵钙;和硝酸铵尿素)和三有机(牛粪;堆肥;以及堆肥和合成肥料的混合物)。肥料生产过程从Agribalyse数据库中获得。系统边界从摇篮到工厂大门(动物粪便为农场大门),并以每千克氮(N)为单位计算影响指标。数据表明,在大多数影响类别的结果中,有机无机肥料(堆肥和合成肥料的混合物)对环境的影响最大。中间值对该产品的关于水的消耗,化石资源的使用和全球变暖潜力322.5 L,石油当量3.82公斤和13.70公斤二氧化碳当量,分别每公斤n .牲畜粪便的相应值最低的环境影响被观察到,0.23升的水,0.002公斤oil-eq CO2-eq 3.29公斤,每公斤n分别进一步的研究应该关注的确定生命周期的其他阶段的影响(例如,运输和现场应用),不包括在本工作中。本研究可为可持续粮食生产中氮肥的选择提供支持。
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Environmental Impact Assessment for Animal Waste, Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers
The use of fertilizers is of the utmost importance for food security on a global scale. However, fertilizer production and overuse may yield environmental issues. In this research, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to estimate eighteen environmental impact categories for six different fertilizer products: three synthetic (ammonium nitrate; calcium ammonium nitrate; and urea ammonium nitrate) and three organic (cattle manure; compost; and a mixture of compost and synthetic fertilizer). The processes for fertilizer production were obtained from the Agribalyse database. The system boundaries were from cradle to factory gate (or farm gate in the case of animal waste), and the impact indicators were calculated per kg of nitrogen (N). The data showed that the organo-mineral fertilizer (a mix of compost and synthetic fertilizer) had the highest environmental impact according to the results for most of the impact categories. The median values for this product regarding water consumption, fossil resource use and global warming potential were 322.5 L, 3.82 kg oil equivalent and 13.70 kg CO2 equivalent, respectively, per kg of N. The respective values for cattle manure, for which the lowest environmental impact was observed, were 0.23 L of water, 0.002 kg oil-eq and 3.29 kg of CO2-eq, respectively, per kg of N. Further research should focus on the determination of the impact from other stages of the life cycle (e.g., transportation and application to the field) which were not included in this work. This research could support the selection of N fertilizer in sustainable food production.
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