碳基催化剂在ORR中的合成与应用研究进展

Samantha Macchi, Iris Denmark, T. Le, Mavis Forson, Mujeebat Bashiru, Amanda Jalihal, Noureen Siraj
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引用次数: 8

摘要

燃料电池是石油和天然气等不可再生能源生产行业的一个很有前途的替代品。使燃料电池技术成为可能的阴极氧还原反应(ORR)在正常条件下是缓慢的。因此,必须使用催化剂才能使燃料电池有效地工作。传统上,通常使用铂(Pt)催化剂,因为它们具有高效的ORR和低过电位值。然而,铂是一种昂贵的贵金属,给商业化带来了经济问题。本文对碳基催化剂在orr中的应用进展进行了综述,因为碳基催化剂丰富且合成成本低。介绍了利用不同可再生资源的各种合成方法,并对其催化性能进行了比较。同样,研究了杂原子和非贵金属掺杂、比表面积和孔隙率对其性能的影响。讨论了碳基支撑材料的物理性能及其对Pt ORR性能的影响。最后,介绍了各种燃料电池类型的燃料电池电解质的研究进展。本综述旨在为当前燃料电池性能面临的挑战以及如何使用碳基材料和下一代电解质来克服这些挑战提供有价值的见解。
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Recent Advancements in the Synthesis and Application of Carbon-Based Catalysts in the ORR
Fuel cells are a promising alternative to non-renewable energy production industries such as petroleum and natural gas. The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which makes fuel cell technology possible, is sluggish under normal conditions. Thus, catalysts must be used to allow fuel cells to operate efficiently. Traditionally, platinum (Pt) catalysts are often utilized as they exhibit a highly efficient ORR with low overpotential values. However, Pt is an expensive and precious metal, posing economic problems for commercialization. Herein, advances in carbon-based catalysts are reviewed for their application in ORRs due to their abundance and low-cost syntheses. Various synthetic methods from different renewable sources are presented, and their catalytic properties are compared. Likewise, the effects of heteroatom and non-precious metal doping, surface area, and porosity on their performance are investigated. Carbon-based support materials are discussed in relation to their physical properties and the subsequent effect on Pt ORR performance. Lastly, advances in fuel cell electrolytes for various fuel cell types are presented. This review aims to provide valuable insight into current challenges in fuel cell performance and how they can be overcome using carbon-based materials and next generation electrolytes.
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